In this longitudinal study, the word-level reading trajectories of 118 children were tracked alongside teachers’ reported concerns and types of support provided through Grades 1, 2 and 3. Results show a significant decline in composite scores relative to age norms over time, with children achieving significantly lower in phonemic decoding than word recognition at the subtest level.
Learn more about this topic by reading in on Springer.
After reading “Joe Gilliland’s ‘A Teacher’s Memoir’ ” you can check important issues for ESL teachers on the section PDFs, and visit my YouTube channel.