PDF #183 – Approach, Method and Technique in Language Learning and Teaching
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1. TEFL APPROACH, METHOD AND TECHNIQUE Elih Sutisna Yanto- FKIP PBI Unsika West-Java Indonesia
2. Edward Anthony (1965) An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language and the nature of language learning and teaching.
3. According to Edward Anthony’s model (1965) approach is the level at which assumptions and beliefs about language and language learning are specified; method is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order in which the content will be presented; technique is the level at which classroom procedures are described.
4. Summary and elements and sub elements that constitute method (Richards & Rodgers:33) Method Approach a. A theory of the nature of language b. A theory of the nature of language learning Design a. The general and specific objectives of the method b. A syllabus model c. Types of learning and teaching activities. d. Learner roles e. Teachers roles f. The role of instructional materials Procedure a. Classroom techniques, practices, and behaviors when the method is used. b. Resources in term of time, space, and equipment used by the teacher. c. Interactional patterns observed in lessons. d. Tactics and strategies used by teachers and learners when the method is being use.
5. Three different views of The nature of language 1. Structural view: It views language as a system of structurally related element. 2. Functional view: It regards language as a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning. 3. Interactional view: It sees language as a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations and social interaction between individuals.
6. The common assumptions about the nature of the language 1. Language is a group of sounds with specific meaning and organized by grammatical rules (The Silent Way). 2. Language is the everyday spoken utterance of the average person at normal speed (Audio Lingual Method). 3. Language is a system for the expression of meaning (Communicative Language Teaching). 4. Language is a set of grammatical rules and language consists of language chunks (Total Physical Responses)
7. Definitions of learning 1. A change in behaviour as a result of experience or practice. 2. The acquisition of knowledge. 3. Knowledge gained through study. 4. To gain knowledge of , or skill in, through study, teaching, instruction or experience. 5. The process of gaining knowledge. 6. A process by which behavious is changed, shaped, or controlled. 7. The individual process of constructing understanding based on experience from a wide range of sources. (Alan Prichard 2009:2)
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